Introduction: long-term hemodialysis and kidney transplantation are the most common treatment for kidney failure. Regarding the increasing demand of these patients to receive therapeutic services, cost-effectiveness of these methods are compared.

Method:This Cross - Sectional research was done to compare cost - effectiveness of long - term hemodialysis and kidney transplantation using Delphi index and patients' medical records. Research population are Kidney patients referring to Shahid Hasherminejad Hospital in 1378.

Finding: In this survey expenses of 1378 were tallied. Findings show that kidney transplantation expenses were 38% and 18.5% of long-term hemodialysis for male and female patients, respectively. In Delphi Scale, effectiveness of kidney hausplautation was 7 times more than long-term hemodialysis. In summation, cost-effectiveness of kidney Hausplantation is 8 times more than hemodialysis.

Conclusion: Long-term dialysis average expenses are four times more than kidney transplantation index of effectiveness in kidney transplantation method was more than long-term dialysis up-to the age 54 in the research population.Cost-effectiveaess of kidney transplantation method in different age groups is 3-14 times more than long-term dialysis.