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Introduction

 Literature review: Untimely access to information at time of decision making and weak communication among health care providers are the main causes of medical errors. In addition, unavailability and lack of attention to information related to patients and drugs are the most common reasons for medication errors. So data reporting systems can support patients' safety. Manual systems, however, are not adequate to this end. In addition, CPOE has a special role at time of drug prescription to decrease medication errors. 

Conclusion: Using CPOE is a suitable approach to have access to timely information and to improve the relationships among specialists, and therefore to reduce errors. The results of our study show the necessary capabilities to design CPOE for Iranian hospitals. Patients' drug profiles and informing physicians about using drugs and patients' inactive drugs, obligatory documentation, warning ability and reminding important and effective points on treatment, creating facilities to support decisions, relationship between CPOE to other information systems, presenting educational information about prescribed and replaced drugs, using internet and treatment protocols, are some such capabilities that all affect physicians' prescription behaviors and finally lead to improvement in drug prescription process and reduction of medication errors.

: Patient safety is one of the most important aspects of health care. Medical errors and specifically medication errors, however, make health care environment dangerous. Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) has potentials to reduce these errors. So this study aimed to analyze the patients' safety condition and to determine the CPOE capabilities to decrease medication errors and create a safe health care environment for Iranian patients.

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Introduction: Health care professionals must have access to up to date, accurate medicine information in order to use them effectively and safely in patients care. Pharmacy information system is one of the most useful clinical information system a it’s key role in increasing of effectively and efficiency of pharmacy services and in quality improvement in drug therapy, This research was aimed to study pharmacy Information System in Hospitals Affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: This is a descriptive study for pharmacy information system in above mentioned hospitals. Data were collected by a checklist and via observation. Content validity and reliability of research tools were measured by test-re-test method. Data are presented as descriptive statistics that are limited to cumulative and relative frequency.

Results: Total studied pharmacy information systems were semi-computerized. Data elements of drugs, patients and prescribers databases were entered incomplete in %50.1, %21.9, and %33 of studied hospitals, respectively. Tasks of pharmacy information system were not done in %43.9 of studied hospitals. Processes of hospital pharmacy information system were not done in %60.7 of studied hospitals. Reports of pharmacy information system were not prepared in %33.2 of studied hospitals.

Conclusion: It is necessity to support processes from therapy activity of pharmacy in all of studied hospitals. Application of electronic hardware and software tools for gathering, processing, and distribution of information would increase accuracy and speed carrying activities in pharmacy. Application of these tools improve of performance of pharmacies in studied hospitals.

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Introduction: There are more than 700 biochemistry tests that includes one third of laboratory tests. Managing produced information needs to information systems. Present research was aimed to analyze situation of biochemistry information systems in educational-therapeutic hospital laboratories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.

Methods: In this descriptive -applied 13 Biochemistry Information Systems of hospital laboratories are reviewed. The sampling method is as census, and data were gathered through observing and questioning by a checklist and a questionnaire. Data are processed and analyzed as descriptive statistics.

Results: We found 76.92% 0f Chemistry Information Systems were stand alone and 23.08% connected to Hospital Information Systems. In these systems, the patients, specimen and biochemical tests data were gathered. Despite being in all systems, data were gathered by test request forms, labels, and computers. In order to process data, the data processing software and auto-analyzers were used, and in 100% of systems, information distribution was done by report forms and computers. In 78.46% of systems, had responsible managers for data gathering, processing and distributing information. None of them didn't have any documented instructors in related of biochemistry department relations with other departments and security of data and informations. 

Discussion: In these systems often focused on those data and activities involved in daily works of wards and laboratories. Laboratories equipped completely by advanced technologies would be better to response to users’ needs.

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Introduction: Health care has always been considered as one of the basic needs of human communities. Health insurance is the best choice for establishing social justice in health care settings. Preliminary studies on insurance systems in Iran show that these systems suffer from serious problems. This study was an attempt to identify system problems and review the necessity for adopting a reform in health insurance systems of Iran.

Methods: In this descriptive and exploratory study a questionnaire was used to collect data by reviewing reliable sources and referring to health insurance organizations and Medical Universities. The population included 24 university subject specialist informants and managers of health insurance organizations. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured by content validity and test-retest method(r=0.84).

Results: The main challenges of health insurance systems were related to the process of integration of health insurance systems. These problems can be classified as dimensions of policy making, rules and regulations, organizational structures and funding.

Conclusion: Reforming health care and insurance systems stems from both health decision making and strategies. It seems that the creation of a coordinated information infrastructure is the main challenge for the integration and ultimately the reform of health insurance systems in Iran.