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molazade F, Asadzandi S, Nemati anaraki L. Views of faculty members, managers and policy makers at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education regarding the Iranian Medical Library and Information Association: a qualitative study. jha 2025; 27 (4) :34-50
URL: http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4551-en.html
URL: http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4551-en.html
1- Department of Medical Library and Information Science, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Medical Library and Information Science, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Nematianaraki.l@iums.ac.ir
2- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Medical Library and Information Science, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,
Keywords: Scientific Association, Medical Library and Information sciences, Experts, Opportunities, Challenges
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Table 2. Categories and sub-categories extracted from interviews
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Introduction
The scientific system of any country needs the participation of non-governmental institutions. In this regard, scientific associations are one of the most important institutions]1[. These associations are considered to be a type of civil organization that arises from the conscious and voluntary association of members of a scientific field or profession to provide the basis for the advancement of science, the regulation and promotion of scientific, moral and ethical principles through free interaction and relying on collective wisdom. They provide a link between science and practice in the relevant field ]2,3[. Scientific associations can identify the scientific forces and thinkers of a society and prevent brain drain, institutionalize science and scientific thinking in the society through voluntarily scientific efforts, mobilize the scientific capacities of the society, make the country's scientific environment competitive, and help to raise the status of science and scholars ]4-6[. The Medical Library and Information Sciences Association is one of these scientific associations that plays an important role in promoting librarianship as a vital profession for raising awareness and creating an informed society ]7[.
In Iran, the first professional efforts in the field of library association to promote the position of librarianship and information, and to achieve convergence and consensus among members, go back to the years 1961 to 1964 ]8[, when the general assembly of the Library Association of Iran was formed in September 1961] 9[. The Medical Library and Information Association in Iran was formed in 2013 following a workshop that was held in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education with the aim of introducing Iran's health-biomedical information plan for the medical science librarians of the country [10]. It is obvious that the formation of the association was not and is not the only goal. On one hand, the association is a means through which the necessary platforms can be provided to solve the problems of the profession [12,13]. On the other hand, success and achievement of goals require clear understanding, proper guidance, effective management performance, and finally constructive interaction between the board of directors and the members [14].
Therefore, considering the importance and position of an association, including the Medical Library and Information Association, and its influence on the community, and the need to form a dynamic, high-quality, progressive, and responsive association, it is necessary to examine the existing association from different aspects. Considering these factors, the current research aimed to identify opportunities and threats, challenges and solutions faced by Iranian Medical Library and Information Association.
Methods
This qualitative and applied study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 20 faculty members, managers, and policymakers from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the field of librarianship. The criteria for inclusion in the interview included an academic degree in medical librarianship and information, at least 10 years of work experience in the field of medical librarianship and information, and familiarity with the Medical Library and Information Association. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method with maximum diversity of ranks and staff among faculty members, managers, and policymakers at the Ministry of Health. Sampling was finalized after data saturation.
A semi-structured interview guide was utilized to collect data. To avoid ambiguities, each participant received information about the study and completed a consent form before the interview. The first part of the interview guide included demographic questions, while the second part compromised 14 questions related to the past status of the association, opportunities, threats, strengths, weaknesses, and proposed solutions. Notably, For the face validity, the interview guide was reviewed and approved by some experts. In addition, to confirm the content validity of the interview guide, five pilot interviews were conducted, which were considered in the final analysis.
Invitations to participate in the research were sent to participants via email or social media. To maintain data confidentiality, a code was assigned to each participant based on the chronological order of the interviews. All respondents were asked the same questions and were free to answer in any way they preferred. If a participant was unable to understand a question, the researcher provided clearer explanations to facilitate understanding. The interviewees' responses were recorded using a voice recorder and simultaneous note-taking during the interview process. The average interview duration was 30 to 45 minutes. The interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Each was conducted once per participant in a single day. To confirm the accuracy and robustness of the study, Lincoln and Guba's four criteria for the reliability of qualitative data including credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability were applied.
After each interview, the responses were transcribed verbatim, and the coding and analysis process was carried out. MaxQDA software was utilized to analyze the data. Data analysis began with repeated reading of all interviews to allow the researcher to immerse in the data and gain an overall impression. The data was then read verbatim to extract codes containing key concepts and opinions. The codes were grouped into subcategories based on their similarity and degree of relatedness. These emerging subcategories were used to organize and group the codes into meaningful clusters. The subcategories were subsequently placed into main categories based on their similarity and degree of congruence.
Results
Interviews were conducted with 20 purposefully selected faculty members, managers, and policymakers in the field of librarianship at the Ministry of Health. Their demographic information is listed in Table 1. According to this Table, the interviewees were 9 men and 11 women. The majority had a PhD in library science, with only one had a master's degree. The participants were aged between 32 and 70 years and had professional experience ranging from 15 to 35 years. Notably, most interviewees have had or currently have experience in the association.
The scientific system of any country needs the participation of non-governmental institutions. In this regard, scientific associations are one of the most important institutions]1[. These associations are considered to be a type of civil organization that arises from the conscious and voluntary association of members of a scientific field or profession to provide the basis for the advancement of science, the regulation and promotion of scientific, moral and ethical principles through free interaction and relying on collective wisdom. They provide a link between science and practice in the relevant field ]2,3[. Scientific associations can identify the scientific forces and thinkers of a society and prevent brain drain, institutionalize science and scientific thinking in the society through voluntarily scientific efforts, mobilize the scientific capacities of the society, make the country's scientific environment competitive, and help to raise the status of science and scholars ]4-6[. The Medical Library and Information Sciences Association is one of these scientific associations that plays an important role in promoting librarianship as a vital profession for raising awareness and creating an informed society ]7[.
In Iran, the first professional efforts in the field of library association to promote the position of librarianship and information, and to achieve convergence and consensus among members, go back to the years 1961 to 1964 ]8[, when the general assembly of the Library Association of Iran was formed in September 1961] 9[. The Medical Library and Information Association in Iran was formed in 2013 following a workshop that was held in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education with the aim of introducing Iran's health-biomedical information plan for the medical science librarians of the country [10]. It is obvious that the formation of the association was not and is not the only goal. On one hand, the association is a means through which the necessary platforms can be provided to solve the problems of the profession [12,13]. On the other hand, success and achievement of goals require clear understanding, proper guidance, effective management performance, and finally constructive interaction between the board of directors and the members [14].
Therefore, considering the importance and position of an association, including the Medical Library and Information Association, and its influence on the community, and the need to form a dynamic, high-quality, progressive, and responsive association, it is necessary to examine the existing association from different aspects. Considering these factors, the current research aimed to identify opportunities and threats, challenges and solutions faced by Iranian Medical Library and Information Association.
Methods
This qualitative and applied study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 20 faculty members, managers, and policymakers from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the field of librarianship. The criteria for inclusion in the interview included an academic degree in medical librarianship and information, at least 10 years of work experience in the field of medical librarianship and information, and familiarity with the Medical Library and Information Association. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method with maximum diversity of ranks and staff among faculty members, managers, and policymakers at the Ministry of Health. Sampling was finalized after data saturation.
A semi-structured interview guide was utilized to collect data. To avoid ambiguities, each participant received information about the study and completed a consent form before the interview. The first part of the interview guide included demographic questions, while the second part compromised 14 questions related to the past status of the association, opportunities, threats, strengths, weaknesses, and proposed solutions. Notably, For the face validity, the interview guide was reviewed and approved by some experts. In addition, to confirm the content validity of the interview guide, five pilot interviews were conducted, which were considered in the final analysis.
Invitations to participate in the research were sent to participants via email or social media. To maintain data confidentiality, a code was assigned to each participant based on the chronological order of the interviews. All respondents were asked the same questions and were free to answer in any way they preferred. If a participant was unable to understand a question, the researcher provided clearer explanations to facilitate understanding. The interviewees' responses were recorded using a voice recorder and simultaneous note-taking during the interview process. The average interview duration was 30 to 45 minutes. The interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Each was conducted once per participant in a single day. To confirm the accuracy and robustness of the study, Lincoln and Guba's four criteria for the reliability of qualitative data including credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability were applied.
After each interview, the responses were transcribed verbatim, and the coding and analysis process was carried out. MaxQDA software was utilized to analyze the data. Data analysis began with repeated reading of all interviews to allow the researcher to immerse in the data and gain an overall impression. The data was then read verbatim to extract codes containing key concepts and opinions. The codes were grouped into subcategories based on their similarity and degree of relatedness. These emerging subcategories were used to organize and group the codes into meaningful clusters. The subcategories were subsequently placed into main categories based on their similarity and degree of congruence.
Results
Interviews were conducted with 20 purposefully selected faculty members, managers, and policymakers in the field of librarianship at the Ministry of Health. Their demographic information is listed in Table 1. According to this Table, the interviewees were 9 men and 11 women. The majority had a PhD in library science, with only one had a master's degree. The participants were aged between 32 and 70 years and had professional experience ranging from 15 to 35 years. Notably, most interviewees have had or currently have experience in the association.
Table 1. Demographic characteristics of participants
| Working history(Year) | Education | Sex | Age | No |
| 16 | PhD | Female | 41 | 1 |
| 22 | PhD | Male | 50 | 2 |
| 14 | PhD | Female | 42 | 3 |
| 14 | PhD | Male | 42 | 4 |
| 12 | PhD | Male | 39 | 5 |
| 24 | PhD | Male | 49 | 6 |
| 32 | PhD | Male | 61 | 7 |
| 25 | PhD | Female | 52 | 8 |
| 30 | PhD | Male | 70 | 9 |
| 35 | PhD | Female | 58 | 10 |
| 7 | PhD | Female | 37 | 11 |
| 2 | PhD | Male | 33 | 12 |
| 4 | PhD | Female | 32 | 13 |
| 20 | PhD | Male | 43 | 14 |
| 20 | PhD | Female | 45 | 15 |
| 20 | PhD | Female | 44 | 16 |
| 8 | PhD | Female | 36 | 17 |
| 18 | PhD | Female | 41 | 18 |
| 21 | PhD | Female | 48 | 19 |
| 10 | PhD | Male | 53 | 20 |
A total of 737 primary codes were extracted after re-examining and merging similar codes, and removing the codes that were not in accordance with the research objectives. At the beginning, the findings were categorized and reported in four main categories and 11 sub-categories (Table 2).
Table 2. Categories and sub-categories extracted from interviews
| Category | Sub-categories |
| Structure and organization | Administrative framework |
| Committees | |
| Information and communication technology | |
| Challenges | Individual |
| Organizational | |
| Financial | |
| Achievements | Strengthening the field level |
| Strengthening the individual and social level | |
| Strengthening the educational field | |
| Implementation plans/solutions | Development of operational policies |
| Formulation of a strategy |
The findings indicated that attention to "structure and organization" was particularly important to the participants. This category was divided into three subcategories: "administrative framework of the association", "committees of the association", and "information and communication channels”.According to the interviewees, the presence of famous and influential individuals on the board of directors, appropriate geographical distribution within the board, utilization of young talents in various sections of the association, a balanced combination of young and experienced experts on the board o, the regular holding of board and committees' meetings are considered important and should be respected within the administrative framework of the association.
The second category, which should be carefully observed and monitored, concerns the challenges and problems the association has faced in the future. It is essential to identify these issues to prevent unpleasant events or to respond if they occur. Based on the findings, these challenges facing the association were categorized into three categories: "individual challenges", "organizational challenges", and "financial challenges". Another category highlighted by the interviewees is related to the achievements or outcomes the association can provide to its members and the field. At the individual level, this includes initiatives such as promoting evidence-based medicine, thereby expanding the role and status of the profession, defending the rights of the field and its beneficiaries, organizing national and international programs and conferences to increase motivation and self-confidence among members.
The final category raised by the interviewees, deemed crucial for the association’s sustainable establishment and long-term activities, is the existence of implementation plans and strategies. This category was divided into two sub-categories: "developing operational policies" and "formulating strategies". By formulating operational policies, including generating income through content validation, attracting financial sponsors, forming provincial branches, fostering succession in the activities of the association, addressing employment challenges in the field, learning from successful domestic and international associations, managing conflict of interest, encouraging convergence and avoiding monotony, the association can overcome its challenges.
Discussion
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the views of faculty members, managers, and policymakers at the Ministry of Health regarding the Iranian Medical Library and Information Association. For this purpose, 20 participants were interviewed to identify the opportunities and challenges facing the association as well as experts-recommended solutions to address these challenges.
The structure of the association, the presence of famous and influential individuals in its main body, cooperation of members from various regions of the country, the increased number library departments in universities across the country, and increasing number of graduates in the field all play a key role in the success of the association. In line with our study, Moyo [16] believes that the presence of famous and influential individuals within the association strengthens it. The leadership and management style of the association reflects on the profession. A well-organized, well-governed and well-led association conveys the impression of a well-organized professional group. This raises the professions’ image provides it with a clear identity, and motivate members to join.
All participants emphasized education and research, noting that the association's committees have a valuable opportunity to educate the target community, publish more specialized journals, produce and publish medical library resources to enrich and address existing deficiencies, especially outdated and insufficiently responsive teaching resources for students. Becoming an educational hub is both an expectation and an opportunity for the association, as highlighted by the participants, enabling members to rely on it to fulfill their educational needs. In line with this study, Moyo [16] believes that the association is responsible for creating a continuous training strategy for all qualified employees at various levels of performance, which helps develop the professional standards of the field.
The findings showed that individual challenges- such as dealing with non-important and trivial issues, passivity and unwillingness to volunteer, participate or cooperate with the association- these are warning signs and a threat to the association. Therefore, it is necessary for the association to implement incentive mechanisms. Participants considered the holding of national and international programs and conferences by the association as essential and a priority, which leads to individual growth, development, effective networking among professionals. In line with the present study, Maruti, Nishat and Arasteh [1,3] also showed that association’s gatherings at national, regional and international levels create opportunities for scientific and research exchange among members, n effectively contributing to the growth and development of the related fields, while updating members’ knowledge with various ideas and thoughts.
Limitations
One of the main limitations of this study was the reluctance of researchers in this field to participate in interviews. Additionally, this study focused on experts and faculty members to explore their views, suggesting that interviewing graduate students could further enrich and complete the research data.
Conclusion
Any association seeking progress and excellence must be evaluated by its stakeholders within a
The second category, which should be carefully observed and monitored, concerns the challenges and problems the association has faced in the future. It is essential to identify these issues to prevent unpleasant events or to respond if they occur. Based on the findings, these challenges facing the association were categorized into three categories: "individual challenges", "organizational challenges", and "financial challenges". Another category highlighted by the interviewees is related to the achievements or outcomes the association can provide to its members and the field. At the individual level, this includes initiatives such as promoting evidence-based medicine, thereby expanding the role and status of the profession, defending the rights of the field and its beneficiaries, organizing national and international programs and conferences to increase motivation and self-confidence among members.
The final category raised by the interviewees, deemed crucial for the association’s sustainable establishment and long-term activities, is the existence of implementation plans and strategies. This category was divided into two sub-categories: "developing operational policies" and "formulating strategies". By formulating operational policies, including generating income through content validation, attracting financial sponsors, forming provincial branches, fostering succession in the activities of the association, addressing employment challenges in the field, learning from successful domestic and international associations, managing conflict of interest, encouraging convergence and avoiding monotony, the association can overcome its challenges.
Discussion
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the views of faculty members, managers, and policymakers at the Ministry of Health regarding the Iranian Medical Library and Information Association. For this purpose, 20 participants were interviewed to identify the opportunities and challenges facing the association as well as experts-recommended solutions to address these challenges.
The structure of the association, the presence of famous and influential individuals in its main body, cooperation of members from various regions of the country, the increased number library departments in universities across the country, and increasing number of graduates in the field all play a key role in the success of the association. In line with our study, Moyo [16] believes that the presence of famous and influential individuals within the association strengthens it. The leadership and management style of the association reflects on the profession. A well-organized, well-governed and well-led association conveys the impression of a well-organized professional group. This raises the professions’ image provides it with a clear identity, and motivate members to join.
All participants emphasized education and research, noting that the association's committees have a valuable opportunity to educate the target community, publish more specialized journals, produce and publish medical library resources to enrich and address existing deficiencies, especially outdated and insufficiently responsive teaching resources for students. Becoming an educational hub is both an expectation and an opportunity for the association, as highlighted by the participants, enabling members to rely on it to fulfill their educational needs. In line with this study, Moyo [16] believes that the association is responsible for creating a continuous training strategy for all qualified employees at various levels of performance, which helps develop the professional standards of the field.
The findings showed that individual challenges- such as dealing with non-important and trivial issues, passivity and unwillingness to volunteer, participate or cooperate with the association- these are warning signs and a threat to the association. Therefore, it is necessary for the association to implement incentive mechanisms. Participants considered the holding of national and international programs and conferences by the association as essential and a priority, which leads to individual growth, development, effective networking among professionals. In line with the present study, Maruti, Nishat and Arasteh [1,3] also showed that association’s gatherings at national, regional and international levels create opportunities for scientific and research exchange among members, n effectively contributing to the growth and development of the related fields, while updating members’ knowledge with various ideas and thoughts.
Limitations
One of the main limitations of this study was the reluctance of researchers in this field to participate in interviews. Additionally, this study focused on experts and faculty members to explore their views, suggesting that interviewing graduate students could further enrich and complete the research data.
Conclusion
Any association seeking progress and excellence must be evaluated by its stakeholders within a
defined timeframe. The Iranian Medical Library and Information Association is no exception, particularly as it has emerged from a period of stagnation and revitalization. This study indicates that the association has strong potentials for continued activity, dynamism, and growth. Focusing on the association's structure and utilizing the potential of members across different regions of the country are crucial. Furthermore, increasing the number of educational departments in the country, and increasing the number of graduates play key roles in the association's success. Adopting successful models from domestic and international associations, having a strategic and operational plan, and developing a roadmap can guarantee the association's success, provided these plans are regularly reviewed and evaluated by stakeholders.
Declerations
Ethical considerations: This research received the ethical approval (IR.IUMS.REC.1402.003) from Iran University of Medical Sciences. The informed consent form was completed by the participants and their identity remains confidential.
Funding: The present research has been defended in the form of a thesis in the School of Health Management and Information Sciences and has been carried out with the support of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The funder had no role in data collection, analysis and manuscript preparation.
Conflicts of interests: One of the authors (Dr. Nemati Anaraki) is currently a member of the Medical Library and Information Society. To avoid bias, she was not involved in the analysis of the interviews.
Authors’ contribution: SA: Supervision, conceptualization, study design, methodology, writing– original draft, final approval; FM: Data curation, Data analysis, Resources, Data management, final approval; NA: Writing– original draft, final approval. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Data availability: The data can be requested from the corresponding author.
AI declaration: Artificial intelligence is not used in this article.
Acknowledgement: This article is a part of the MA thesis entitled " The roadmap framework of the Iranian Medical Library and Information Society from the perspective of faculty members, managers, and policymakers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education" approved in Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2022 and with thesis code 1402-1-37-25742.
Declerations
Ethical considerations: This research received the ethical approval (IR.IUMS.REC.1402.003) from Iran University of Medical Sciences. The informed consent form was completed by the participants and their identity remains confidential.
Funding: The present research has been defended in the form of a thesis in the School of Health Management and Information Sciences and has been carried out with the support of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The funder had no role in data collection, analysis and manuscript preparation.
Conflicts of interests: One of the authors (Dr. Nemati Anaraki) is currently a member of the Medical Library and Information Society. To avoid bias, she was not involved in the analysis of the interviews.
Authors’ contribution: SA: Supervision, conceptualization, study design, methodology, writing– original draft, final approval; FM: Data curation, Data analysis, Resources, Data management, final approval; NA: Writing– original draft, final approval. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Data availability: The data can be requested from the corresponding author.
AI declaration: Artificial intelligence is not used in this article.
Acknowledgement: This article is a part of the MA thesis entitled " The roadmap framework of the Iranian Medical Library and Information Society from the perspective of faculty members, managers, and policymakers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education" approved in Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2022 and with thesis code 1402-1-37-25742.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Medical Librarianship and Information Science
Received: 2025/02/28 | Accepted: 2025/07/9 | Published: 1901/12/14
Received: 2025/02/28 | Accepted: 2025/07/9 | Published: 1901/12/14
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