Volume 28, Issue 2 (9-2025)                   jha 2025, 28(2): 70-81 | Back to browse issues page


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Morovati M. Altmetric study of scientific outputs of Iranian researchers in transplantation field. jha 2025; 28 (2) :70-81
URL: http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4502-en.html
Department of Knowledge and Information Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. , morovatim@yahoo.com
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Introduction
With the development of transplantation science, various aspects of this field have attracted the attention of scientists, specialists, and scholars in medical and health-related sciences worldwide, leading to many publications. In Iran, significant successes have been achieved in this field over the past few decades [1, 2]. Measuring and evaluating the scientific impact of this field, similar to other fields of medical sciences, is of great importance.
It is recognized that citation-based indicators only measure the influence of science on science. However, research findings can be disseminated to the wider public, thereby moving closer to the goal of widespread application and social impact. Altmetrics, as an indicator that examines the online presence of a scholarly work on various social media [3], assesses researchers’ performance and impact based on metrics such as the number of views, bookmarks, downloads, likes, clicks, shares, citations, comments, and followers [4, 5]. Researchers argue that although both citation-based and altmetrics indicators have many advantages, altmetrics has unique strengths that can compensate for the shortcomings of citation analysis. Therefore, integrating altmetrics and citation analysis can make research evaluation more realistic [6]. Despite the challenges faced by altmetrics, such as ambiguity and diversity of social web sources, bias, and the dynamic nature of the online enviroments [7], it is believed that altmetrics can expand the concept of research impact by evaluating many dimensions not examined through bibliometric indicators [8, 9].
Since the emergence of altmetrics concept in 2010, its dimensions have attracted significant attention from researchers, resulting in a growing body of studies. Several investigations have explored altmetrics in various medical disciplines, such as blepharoplasty [10], nursing [11, 12], orthodontics [13-16], neurosurgery [17], emergency medicine [18], radiology [19], and oral cancer [20], underscoring the increasing importance of this subject. The promotion and wider application of altmetrics still require further studies and robust evidence to confirm its benefits. Demonestrating the benefits of altmetrics alongside with traditional indicators could provide a strong incentive for its addoption by the scientific community. On the other hand, understanding the status of altmetrics and institutionalizing its use are essential to promote scientific communication and disseminating research findings, especially in health related fields.
Examining the altmetrics status of Iranian researchers’ scientific outputs in transplantation field, especially with its national notable achievements, can provide valuable insights into the current situation and increase awareness among scientific community about the broader impact of research findings. Given that no study has applied altmetrics approach in transplantation field and considering the importance of the research impact and knowledge dissemination in this field, this study aimed to examine the altmetrics of Iranian researchers’ scientific outputs in transplantation field.


Methods
This applied study was conducted based on scientometric and altmetric indicators. Data were collected from the Web of Science (WOS) database on May 17, 2024. All WOS-indexed scientific outputs in transplantation field that listed Iran as the affiliated country were extracted.
Data extraction was carried out using the subject field "Transplantation" in the advanced search section in the WOS database, limiting the retrieved results to the documents affiliated with "Iran", without applying time limits. In total, 2,232 documents were retrieved and their bibliographic information was exported to Microsoft Excel for data preparation and analysis. To determine the altmetric status of the selected scientific outputs, data were obtained from the Altmetric Explorer database, one of the Altmetric Institute products. It should be noted that the Altmetric Institute tracks scientific documents that have standard identifiers such as DOI, PubMed Record ID, or ArXiv ID.
To assess the altmetric activity of the selected scientific outputs, the list of DOIs obtained from the WOS was searched in the Altmetric Explorer database (https://www.altmetric.com/explorer). Data related to the presence and attention to these scientific outputs on the social media was extracted from this database. It should be noted that the number of citations was extracted using the “TC” field in the WOS at the time of data collection.
Data related to the altmetric score, the number of readers on Mendeley, and the number of citations received in WOS database were entered into SPSS software. Due to the non-normality of the data, the Spearman test was applied to examine the correlation between the altmetric attention score and the number of citations. The data was analyzed using SPSS (version 23) and Microsoft Excel, applying descriptive (frequency, percentage, chart) and analytical statistics (correlation).

Results
Since 1977 to the time of data collection, 2,232 scientific outputs in transplantation field were indexed in the WOS database for Iranian researchers. The altmetrics data showed that 415 scientific outputs (32.75%) appeared at least once on social media platforms and were mentioned 1286 times. These scientific outputs were mentioned a total of 1052 times on X (1015), Facebook (33), G+ (3) and Reddit (1). On the other hand, the number of mentions to these outputs in patents, news, blogs and policy documents was 103, 68, 22 and 19, respectively. In addition, these publications have been marked and read 11902 times on Mendeley.
The total altmetric score for publications by Iranian researchers in the field of organ transplantation was 1510 and their average altmetric score was 3.64. However, these publications received 6427 citations, with an average of 15.49. The findings showed that one article had an altmetric score above 100, two articles scored between 50 and 100, and the remaning articles scored below 50. In addition, the article titled “Generation of functional hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells in a scalable suspension culture” had the highest altmetric score (181). “Blood purification with cytosorb in critically ill COVID‐19 patients: a case series of 26 patients” and “kidneys for sale: empirical evidence from Iran” were ranked second and third, respectively, with altmetric scores of 99 and 76. The findings revealed that the publications with the highest altmetric scores resulted from collaborative research efforts. Morever, none of these articles were published in Iranian journals indexed in the WOS database.
The findings showed a positive, weak, yet statistically significant relationship (P <0.0001, r=0.177) between the number of citations received and the altmetric score. In other words, scientific outputs with more citations also had a higher altmetric score. The Spearman correlation test showed a positive, relatively strong and statistically significant relationship (P<0.0001, r=0.690) between the number of citations received and the number of Mendeley readers. In other words, scientific outputs with more citations were also saved and read more frequently on Mendeley.

Discussion
The average altmetrics score of Iranian researchers’ scientific outputs in transplantation field was 3.64. This value was reported as 4.7, 5, and 7.5 in research counducted in neurosurgery [17], orthodontics [14], and joint arthroplasty [21], respectively.
The findings showed that Iranian researchers’ scientific outputs in the field of transplantation had a limited presence on social media. In general, this limited presence may have various reasons. One possible explanation is the existence of Internet blocking, which poses a major barrier for Iranian researchers in accessing some social media. This limitation has also been mentioned in previous studies [9,22]. The reluctance of Iranian researchers to share their findings on social media or their limited familiarity with altmetric indicators and lack of awareness could also be additioanl contributing factors. However, further studies are needed to clarify the reasons for this limited engagement. Since publishing research findings on social media increases their visibility and, in turn, can increase citations and improve journal evaluation indicators, it is essential that the national science policymakers implement necessary measures to increase researchers’ use of social media.
This issue should be emphasized among publishing professionals, especially publishers and editors of international scientific journals, so that in addition to encouraging authors to share their publications on social media to increase the visibility and impact of their scientific works, they should ensure that articles obtain a DOI, enabling tracking through databases that provide altmetric services such as Altmetric Explorer. Furthermore, researchers should seek to increase their visibility on social platforms by publishing in reputable journals that provide DOIs.
The results showed that the scientific outputs of Iranian researchers in transplantation field were marked and read 11902 times on Mendeley. Additionally, the most attention to these outputs occurred on X wih 1,015 mentions. This finding is consistent with results from previous studies in nursing, orthodontics, neurosurgery, radiology, pediatrics, cancer, and coronavirus [11,14,16,17,19,23-25]. The Spearman correlation revealed statistically positive relationship between articles' citation counts on WOS and their altmetric attention score (AAS). Such a relationship has also been reported in previous studies for nursing, orthodontics, radiology, coronavirus, ophthalmology, and plastic surgery [11-13,16,19,25-34]. However, this relationship was not observed in some other studies [10,35-37]. There was also a statistically significant positive relationship between articles' citation counts on WOS and Mendeley readership counts, which is consistent with the results of some previous studies [9,15,16, 38].

Limitations
This study was limited to examining the altmetric performance of the scientific outputs of Iranian researchers in the field of transplantation in the WOS database. It is suggested that data from other scientific databases also be analyzed.

Conclusion
This study supports the use of altmetrics as a complement to traditional bibliometric indicators in assessing scientific outputs in the field of transplantation. The number of Mendeley readers may serve as a useful indicator for identifying publications  with  potential  future  citations  in  the
field of transplantation. Despite the widespread attention to altmetrics in various fields in recent years, awareness of its diverse dimentions, opportunities and challenges still have considerable room for development.

Declerations
Ethical consideration: Not applicable.
Funding: This research received no financial support from any organization.
Conflicts of Interests: The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Consent for publication: None
Data availability: The data can be requested from correspond author`s email.
AI decleration: None
Acknowledgement: The author gratefully acknowledges all those who contributed to the improvement of the manuscript.

 
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Medical Librarianship and Information Science
Received: 2025/02/9 | Accepted: 2025/09/8 | Published: 2025/10/1

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