Iran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Health Administration 2008-1200 2008-1219 12 36 2009 7 1 Relative Efficiency of Iranian Health Sector among Some Islamic Countries 9 16 FA E Hoseini Nasab Y M Basakha N Introduction: Government Healthcare expenditure in many countries reaches to 6 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Efficiency of these expenditures is very important, and any change in this expenditure have notable effects on economic variables. Present study was aimed to estimate the ef- ficiency of Iran government healthcare expenditures among some Islamic countries. Methods: We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to measuring efficiency of health sector in 24 Islamic countries in period 2000-05. This method takes data on countries outputs and inputs, and measures the efficiency of a particular country by its distance from the ‘outer envelope’ of the data. Estimated efficiency score shows country’s efficiencies in expenditure transmuting to good health indicators. Results: Our findings shows that Standardized Death rate, Under Five Year Mortality rate, and Un- dernourishment Prevalence is main causes of Iranian health sector’s deficiency. Estimated overall ef- ficiency for Iranian health sector is 0.31 that point very low efficiency among other Islamic countries. Conclusion: Efficient health expenditure size for Iran is one third of current spending. DEA method specify full efficient units and denote for each country one or more references to improve its efficiency. To improve Iran healthcare expenditures we suggest Kyrgyzstan and Indonesia model. Health Expenditure, Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-418-en.html http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-418-en.pdf

Iran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Health Administration 2008-1200 2008-1219 12 36 2009 7 1 TheLeadership Styles of District Health Network Managers and Performance Indices in Eastern Azerbaijan, Iran 2008 17 24 FA AA Nasiripoor Y MA Helali Banab N P Raeisi N Introduction: Leadership is one of the necessary duties of the managers. The success of the organization depends on the management and leadership style of the manager. This research was aimed to determine the relationship between leadership styles of the district health network Managers (in East Azerbaijan) by performance indices. Methods: This is a cross-sectional (correlation) study its population consists of district health net- work managers and personnel (n=1035). All 18 district health network managers, and 339 personnel randomly were included. Data collection tool was a questionnaire with three sections: leadership style from the directorate’s perspective, from the personnel perspective, and general information with performance indices. Data collected using two types of questionnaires, and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: We found 61.1% of managers in their leadership style implement consulting method and 38.9% participating method. Relationship between managers’ leadership style and performance indicator found not statistically significant but for the personnel perspective and the ratio of birth delivery by non-trained people were statistically significant (r=0/124 P-Value<0.05). Conclusion: Managers tend to implement consulting style, and let them to participate in the decision- making. Letting people to be involved in the decision-making and goal settings through utilizing their abilities and competencies will lead to promote performance indicators for health network managers. : Leadership Style, Managers, Health Center, Performance Indicators http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.html http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.pdf

Iran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Health Administration 2008-1200 2008-1219 12 36 2009 7 1 Relationship between Hospitals Ownership and Performance Assessment Score of Emergency Departments in the Hospitals Affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences 2007 25 32 FA SJ Tabibi Y MR Maleki N S Movahednia N MR Gohari N Introduction: The assessment of healthcare and hospital services is a difficult, critical and multidimen- sional task, due to its complex nature, variable activities and interactions with multiple issues affected by economic, political and social restrictions. That is to say, hospital assessment must be done by attending of several issues and without any bias. This research was aimed to determine relationship between hospital ownership and performance assessment score of emergency department according to human resource indices, ethical values, structural issues, medical and non-medical equipments and quality indices. Methods: This research is a descriptive, cross-sectional and applied study. Its population includes all of 51 public and private general hospitals covered by Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS). Documentations and minutes recorded on Accreditation and Assessment Center of Medical in IUMS and also in Healthcare Ministry in the year 2007 are the data sources arranged by a designed form for gathering data. Data are processed by SPSS software and analyzed using independent t-tests. Results: There isn’t any meaningful relation between hospital ownership and scores allocated, to ED human resource, ethical values, medical and non-medical equipments, medicals and consumption goods and quality indices in IUMS general hospitals(Pv=0.028). But we found a meaningful relation between hospital ownership and structural issues in this general hospital’s ED. Conclusion: There are no differences between governmental and private hospitals according to docu- mented scores in 1386. So, it can point to an unbiased assessment by experts, and also adhering of scientific procedures in hospital assessment. Efficiency, Hospital, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-428-en.html http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-428-en.pdf

Iran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Health Administration 2008-1200 2008-1219 12 36 2009 7 1 SWOT Analysis in School of Management and Medical Information Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 33 38 FA M Ansary N AR Rahimi N MH Yarmohamadian Y M Yaghobbi N Introduction: Nowadays, higher education has transformed as dynamic and complicated academic ac- tivity, soit’s required for university managersto grasp exact and deep knowledge, and understanding about university circumstances, to effectiveness of university management. This research was aimed to iden- tify circumstances and evaluation of organization through internal and external analysis in case School of Management and Medical Information Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2007. Methods: This is a descriptive - survey research, combined with qualitative method. The research population including all of provide chancellors and managers of this university. The data collecting tools are interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. For data analyzing we used qualitative analysis (SWOT), and descriptive statistics methods. Results: Findings showed that the school have more strength points and opportunities than weaknesses or threat points. So we can use more of opportunities in the way of reduce of weakness. Of course cultural part in this collage has the most weakness. From the collage problems, we can point to the management strong challenges, high concentration in management of university, lack of thinking and invest attitude to the school. Conclusion: School of Management and Medical Information Science is in a good situation, and could use external and internal environmental factors appropriately. But still it is face to many problem needs strategic planning and prospect looking, and exploiting strengths and opportunities. External Analysis, Internal Analysis, SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat), Strategic Planning http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-421-en.html http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-421-en.pdf

Iran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Health Administration 2008-1200 2008-1219 12 36 2009 7 1 Efficiency Estimation in General Hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 2005-2006 by Data Envelopment Analysis 39 46 FA S Karimi N HS sajadi Y M karami N L torkzad N R Bidram N Introduction: Hospital as one of the most important providing organization of health sector uses a high proportion of health sources, needs to measure its efficiency a must. This this study was aimed to estimate the efficiency of hospitals. Methods: This descriptive study has done in 2008.The study population are all health centers and general hospitals affiliated Isfahan University of Medical Science in 2005-2006.Data are accumulated by the forms that the researches have been drawn according to their purposes. Input variables were the numbers of specialist doctors, physician, nurses and other personals and the numbers of beds the output variables were the average of patient residing, the bed turnover interval, the coefficient of bed occupy, the numbers of outpatient reception and the hospitals income. Data are analyzed by the software of DEAP 2. Results: The average of total technical efficiency, managerial efficiency and scale efficiency of the hospitals with the method of placed minimizing were 0.938, 0.957 and 0.98 respectively for 2005 and 0.946, 0.964 and 0.981 respectively for 006. These figures with the method of fixed maximization were 0.931, 0.974 and 0.956 for 2005 and 0.868, 0.902 and 0.962 for 2006. Conclusion: Inefficient hospitals should prevent from resources wastes in optimal level with decreas- ing the excessive laid and increasing the fixed levels they can acquire an optimal function by using this way. Efficiency, Hospital, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-426-en.html http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-426-en.pdf

Iran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Health Administration 2008-1200 2008-1219 12 36 2009 7 1 A Study on Knowledge and Considering of Consents Legal Aspects in Teaching Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 2008 47 52 FA A Hajavi Y M Khoshgam N M Moosavi N Introduction: Obtaining the consent for medical care is a legal force consent forms are written behind the admission forms. Admission personal should obtain suitable warrant from patients or their families for doing procedures. So they should be aware of the consequences of their actions. This study was aimed to determine relationship between the knowledge and considering of legal aspects of consents in the teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences. Methods: This is a descriptive- cross-sectional study carried out in 2008. Subjects include 11person and 43 people of admission personal in the teaching hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by questionnaire and checklist and analyzed by SPSS, and Pierson. Results: Our findings showed that the rate of knowledge of administrators of medical record's departments from legal aspects of consents was %72/7 and the rate of consideration was %68/6, and the rate of relationship was 0/683. The rate of knowledge of admission personal was %66/3, and the rate of consideration of them were %62/9 and the rate of relationship between them was 0/558 so there is a strong positive relationship between them. Conclusion: There is relationship between the knowledge and consideration of legal aspects about consents in administrators of medical record's departments and admission personal (P<0.011) and (P<0.000) respectively. The more the medical records personnel are well aware of the law, the more they abide by the law of country and thereby preventing the law problems. Legal Cases, Medical Record, Consents, Knowledge, Consideration http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-423-en.html http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-423-en.pdf

Iran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Health Administration 2008-1200 2008-1219 12 36 2009 7 1 The Evaluation of Scientific Outputs of Assistant and Associate Professors, Medicine School of IUMS, Through Hirsch Index 2008 53 60 FA MR Alibeyk Y L Rustaazad N Introduction: One of the most important methods for evaluation of scientific outputs of researchers and research centers is using of Hirsch index .From the benefits of this index, is evaluating both quantity and quality of scientific outputs., This research was aimed to calculate, Hirsch index, for assistants, and Associate professor of medicine school, IUMS. Methods: This is an applied and descriptive research. Research community consists of 101 of assist- ant and Associate professor of medical school. According to the Hirsch formula, resource of main data for research, are the number of articles, and citations to each articles obtained through the search in under web citation index, web of science, Scopus and Google scholar. With combination of obtained data for every person, Hirsch index data for everyone are calculated. For determination of Hirsch index frequency distribution gathered with personal items and for data analysis, SPSS software had used. Results: The mean Hirsch index for all persons was 2.76 for assistants higher than for professor assist- ant, in Basic Sciences higher than clinical sciences and for men higher than women. None of women have the Hirsch index more than 6 nevertheless, %10.2 of men had more than 6. The highest Hirsch index belongs to a nephrologist and the Hirsch index for 17 persons calculated equals with zero. Conclusions: Assistants and professor assistants in terms of Hirsch index low levels. It seems that Hirsch index, is affected by factors such as, country, facilities, research budgets, number of researches, language, citation-publication pattern accessible rate had affected on Hirsch index, too. Scientific Output Evaluation, Hirsch Index,H-Index, Professor, Associate Professor http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-424-en.html http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-424-en.pdf

Iran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Health Administration 2008-1200 2008-1219 12 36 2009 7 1 Relationship between Moral Intelligence and the Team Leadership in Administrators from Faculty Members` Point of View at the Medical Sciences University of Isfahan 2008-2009 61 69 FA SA siadat Y I kazemi N M Mokhtaripour N Introduction: Rapid changes, flexibility, variety of work force and lack of observe of ethic in organizations has caused the attention of many researchers as Borba with the moral intelligence theory and Kim with the team leadership theory. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between moral intelligence with team leadership in academic and non-academic administrators from a point of view faculty members in the MUI. Research hypothesis were: 1) There is a relation between moral intelligence indices (integrity, responsibility, compassion and forgiveness) and participative leadership between two groups, 2) There is a difference between faculty members opinion,3) And there is a difference between two groups. Methods: This is a correlative and causal -comparative research. Statistical population consists of faculty members and academic and non-academic administrators in MUI who were 551 and 210 respectively. Statistical sample were 144 and 109 people, selected randomly. Research instruments were MI and TL questionnaires. Results: We found: 1) a positive and significant relation between MI indices and TL between two groups, 2) a difference between grade averages of PL for faculty members in terms of age , 3) a difference between grade averages of MI for academic administrators in terms of tenure but there was no difference between grade averages non-academic administrators. Conclusion: Our findings are consistent to, and similar with findings of Lennick and Kiel, Kim, Wood and Fields, Louperna, Pratti and et al. Development in ethical leaders is related to behaviors that they show. Since people in educational institutions requires different skills, team leadership acts better than a single leader and attention to ethics improve team work moral. Moral Intelligence, Team leadership, Academic and Non-Academic Administrators, Medical Sciences University http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-425-en.html http://jha.iums.ac.ir/article-1-425-en.pdf