Artificial intelligent in Journal of Health Administration
Scope
AI tools include generative and AI-assisted technologies that can produce or substantially transform text, images, audio, video or code. Examples include large language models and chatbots.
Use of AI tools by authors
Authorship
Journal of Health Administration perceives authorship as a creative human process. Therefore, the mention of artificial intelligence as an author or using AI to generate the text of the article is prohibited. Generative AI systems and other tools cannot meet authorship criteria and must never be listed as authors or co-authors, nor cited as if they were persons.
Permitted use of AI
Journal of Health Administration recognizes that, when used responsibly, AI tools can help authors read more efficiently, explore complex literatures and refine the language of their manuscripts. Authors may therefore use AI tools to support the writing process, provided that the final article expresses the authors’ own analysis, interpretation and conclusions.
Authors may use AI tools to:
- improve grammar, spelling, clarity, readability and style of text that the authors have drafted;
- assist with translation between languages
- suggest ways to organize sections, headings or the flow of an argument
- Summarizing the authors’ own content
- text paraphrasing
- improving citation format and style
Non-permitted use of AI
Journal of Health Administration does not permit the use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools to create or manipulate figures, images or other scientific artwork in submitted manuscripts, except where AI image generation or processing is itself part of the study’s research methods. This prohibition includes, for example:
- generating entirely synthetic images to represent data that were not actually collected;
- enhancing, obscuring, moving, removing or inserting specific features, bands, lesions or signals in an image or figure.
AI declaration
Any AI-generated wording should be treated as a draft. Authors must review, edit and adapt all such material so that the manuscript reflects their authentic scholarly contribution. Authors must thoroughly review and make necessary revisions to the text after using these tools. The responsibility for the content rests with the authors. Authors must declare any use of AI in methods or declaration section.
Example: The authors used artificial intelligence ChatGPT to edit the English parts of this article. All AI-edited content has been reviewed and approved by the authors.
The journal may reject or retract a manuscript if the editors detect any irresponsible use of AI.
Use of AI by peer-reviewers
Manuscripts sent for peer review together with any associated data or supplementary materials, are strictly confidential. Peer-review must keep all manuscripts confidential. For this reason, reviewers must treat all such content with care and must not expose it to third-party AI tools that do not guarantee confidentiality. In particular:
- Reviewers must not upload all or part of an unpublished manuscript, figures, tables, and datasets into a public generative AI interface.
- Reviewers must not delegate the intellectual task of reviewing to AI tools. Generative AI should not be used to produce a review or to provide the scientific assessment on which the review is based.
The editor will decline any peer review reports generated by AI and replace the peer reviewer at any stages of the peer review process.
Use of AI by editors/ associate editors
Editors/ associate editors must protect manuscript, reviewer reports and author correspondence and ensure that editorial decisions are based on human expert assessment, not automated judgment by AI systems. Editors and associate editors therefore:
- must not upload full manuscripts, figures, tables or reviewer reports into public generative AI tools for evaluation, summarization or language editing
- must not upload editorial decision letters or other confidential correspondence with authors into such tools
- must not rely on generative AI to make or justify editorial decisions; the critical appraisal and final judgment must be the editor’s own.